Example sentences of "[conj] a firm " in BNC.
Next page| No | Sentence |
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| 1 | The first level — the gift relationship — is characterised by an inequality in the relationship such as sponsorship where a firm offers an institution something with no direct or equivalent return . |
| 2 | Private generation remained economic where a firm had complementary process steam requirements ( and could use back-pressure sets to produce both steam and electricity ) , where waste heat from another process could be used , or where investment incentives ( not available to nationalised industries ) or local property taxation ( for which the Electricity Boards were more highly rated ) gave an artificial subsidy to private firms . |
| 3 | The lack of ‘ teeth ’ in UK restrictive trades practices policy is in stark contrast to both the US ( where executives of colluding companies have been gaoled for conspiracy , in addition to the levying of substantial fines on companies ) , and the EC ( where a firm can be fined up to 10 per cent of its worldwide turnover ) . |
| 4 | Where a firm or a group of firms acting collectively , accounts for 25 per cent of the market or more , the Director General of Fair Trading can refer the industry to the Monopolies and Mergers Commission for investigation . |
| 5 | Thus , dominance can be seen to arise where a firm has the power to behave independently of its competitors and customers , and this may result from a combination of a number of factors , none of which separately would necessarily imply dominance ( e.g. United Brands case ) . |
| 6 | As mentioned above , where a firm which wishes to retain its own identity has increased the number of its branch offices it is sometimes difficult to retain an acceptable degree of harmony between the component parts of the firm and the partners attached to each part . |
| 7 | Where a firm does provide services to a private customer on written contractual terms ( whether a two-way customer agreement required by the rules or a non-mandatory one used for commercial purposes ) , the agreement must set out in adequate detail the basis on which those services are provided . |
| 8 | Where a firm enters into speculative trades for a customer it would be well advised to document any evidence that the customer has the financial ability to absorb any losses which he may incur without undue detriment to his standard of living . |
| 9 | The COB Rules make it clear that where a firm manages a collective investment scheme , such as a unit trust or limited partnership , the customer of its investment management activities is the scheme itself and not the investors . |
| 10 | In effect , where a firm 's customer is an intermediary dealing on behalf of his own clients , the firm must in principle treat the intermediary 's client as its own customer if it knows the client 's identity ( except where the firm is dealing with a market counterparty , see page 29 below ) ; in certain circumstances , however , the intermediary can be treated as the customer ( see below ) . |
| 11 | Where a firm consists of a group of companies , knowledge possessed by one company within the group will not be attributed to another group company , as it is a clear principle of company law that companies are separate legal entities . |
| 12 | Other examples of rules which may not be congruent with the requirements of fiduciary law are SIB Core Rule 2 , which states that where a firm has a material interest it must not knowingly act for the customer unless it takes steps to ensure his " fair treatment " ( this may not be sufficient under fiduciary law ) , and SIB Core Rule 25 which in conjunction with SFA Conduct of Business Rule 5 — 36(2) permits " front running " . |
| 13 | In a survey of a ‘ closed ’ institution such as a prison or a firm the informants may be instructed to co-operate with interviewers because of agreement about the survey by the people in authority , but in many instances of samples from the general population no such authority exists and surveyors must try to obtain co-operation as best they can by interesting the informants in the survey and gaining their completely free co-operation . |
| 14 | The European Court further ruled in this case that Arts 48 and 59 of the EC Treaty do not prevent a member state from requiring that the exercise of the profession of auditor in that state by a person qualified to carry on that profession in another member state be subject to conditions which are objectively necessary to guarantee observation of professional rules concerning the permanence of the infrastructure in place for the completion of the work , the effective presence in the member state and assurance of the observation of professional ethics , unless respect for such rules and conditions is already guaranteed by a reviseur d'entreprises , whether a natural person or a firm , established and recognised in the state , and in whose service is placed , for the duration of the work , the person who intends to exercise the profession of auditor . |
| 15 | Under the system of primogeniture it will be known from childhood that one sibling will be privileged over all the rest ; by contrast partible inheritance requires a much greater degree of co-operation between siblings in adult life , especially if they inherit land or a firm which provides them with a common livelihood . |
| 16 | But the first step for prospective actuaries is to find an employer who is usually an insurance company or a firm of actuaries , but other suitable opportunities are also available . |
| 17 | This type of scale has a non-arbitrary zero point of " no money " , and we can add figures for the amount of money with respect to a particular unit be it a person , a country or a firm . |
| 18 | A contract audit is usually performed by a multi-disciplinary team embracing construction professionals and auditors ; the latter may be specialist internal auditors or a firm of external auditors . |
| 19 | Although a firm 's value might rise as it borrows more , the closer it gets to bankruptcy the higher will be its cost of borrowing . |
| 20 | By reducing the probability that a firm will fail and by reducing creditors ' potential losses in the event of difficulty , this helps to reduce the costs a firm takes on as it takes bigger risks and nears bankruptcy . |
| 21 | I was particularly interested in the fact that a firm of architects , one of the public companies , is offering this insurance as part of a total professional services package . |
| 22 | However , in practice insufficient weight is often given to this aspect of a recruitment policy , so that a firm committed to an internal promotion policy will have to make do with available talent for future promotions . |
| 23 | The amendments require that a firm should not audit a client 's financial statements where they include the product of a ‘ specialist valuation ’ carried out by it . |
| 24 | Natural justice requires that a firm should have an opportunity to answer any criticism before a decision is made . |
| 25 | On top of that , there are the feelings of disgrace and embarrassment that a firm of chartered accountants of our size and good professional reputation should find itself in this position — even if the factors are outside your control . ’ |
| 26 | This might mean that a firm was ‘ released ’ from ties to traditional , skilled ( and often well-unionized ) labour ; the technical change freed it to seek out cheaper and less well-organized labour elsewhere . |
| 27 | It is probably highly unlikely that a firm which earns , say , 20 per cent from one productive opportunity can earn the same return from all other productive opportunities . |
| 28 | Competitive conditions also ensure that firms have no discretion over the quality of goods supplied , since failure to match the quality or provide the features demanded by the market ( the model assumes that market participants possess full product information and knowledge of alternative opportunities ) would mean that a firm would lose all its business to competitors . |
| 29 | However , the evidence also suggests that information spillovers are more important in research than in development , and that a firm has to do quite a lot of its own R&D , if it is to be able to absorb information spillovers effectively . |
| 30 | In Green and Porter 's model it is assumed that a firm 's choice of output can not be observed by another firm , and the sum of all outputs determines market price according to a demand function which is subject to unobservable random shocks . |