Example sentences of "has [been] a substantial [noun] " in BNC.

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1 However , there has been a substantial diminution in the gap between the educational achievement of girls and boys in recent decades .
2 There has been a substantial increase in coverage of the Chamber and of committees in regional broadcasting ; some regions , BBC and ITV , have generated good week-end reviews which give more time to back-bench MPs .
3 Second , there has been a substantial increase in the ownership of agricultural land by large institutions , especially financial institutions from the City of London .
4 There has been a substantial increase in self-employment during that period .
5 There has been a substantial increase in the number of child psychiatrists , a great increase in clinical psychologists and an increase in child psychiatric nurses .
6 The result has been a substantial increase in homelessness and deprivation .
7 As I have said , there has been a substantial increase in the number of pensioners , but surely new technology and the availability of volunteers could enable more people to stay at home for longer .
8 There has been a substantial literature on macroeconomic disequilibrium , but there is considerable disagreement about the appropriateness of different models .
9 However , although there has been a substantial rise in the number of private shareholders in the UK , many investors have sold their shares immediately after the purchase .
10 The assumption will normally be met for long positions in shares , but for short positions the potential losses are infinite and , if there has been a substantial rise in the index , a short seller may be required to put up additional funds before delivery .
11 For both adult and infant mortality rates , two trends are clearly discernible : there has been a substantial reduction in mortality rates for all socio-economic groups ; the reduction , however , has been more substantial for the upper socio-economic groups with the result that socio-economic inequalities have widened over the years .
12 Since 1960 , there has been a substantial expansion of economics literature in the field .
13 Yet , overall , parole has been a substantial success in terms of successful supervision in the community .
14 Although there has been a substantial move away from the building of three or more bedroom houses in recent years , they still accounted for 60 per cent of the total housing stock in 1986 compared with nearly three-quarters a decade earlier ( Housing and Construction Statistics 1976–1986 , Table 6.8 , 1987 ) .
15 In addition , it is obvious that it can not be relied on until there has been a substantial amount of trading between the same parties .
16 There has been a substantial heronry in the triangle formed by Rye , Brede and Beckley since at least 1297 .
17 There has been a substantial improvement in the efficiency with which energy is used in most IEA countries .
18 However , over this period there has been a substantial improvement in late age ( i.e. 65 + ) mortality in Britain ( Table 3.6 ) .
19 There has been a substantial advance in real-terms pay under our Administration , and this year the pay award that has been made for the current year is increasing the teachers ' pay bill overall by 11.3 per cent .
20 There has been a substantial differential in interest rates between the UK and USA for some time — currently it 's six or seven per cent .
21 There has been a substantial cutback in the direct labour scheme operated by the Housing Executive ( NIHE ) ; this had resulted in an increased usage of contract firms .
22 Just picking up on Professor Lock 's point earlier on about changes in the nineteen eighties or since the nineteen eighties , erm as in my statement I have suggested that there has been a substantial loss of nature conservation interest and wild life habitats both in this county and throughout the country .
23 As a result there has been a substantial growth in customer visits and a significant increase in our market share .
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