Example sentences of "and hence [art] [noun sg] [noun] " in BNC.
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| 1 | This is because ( 1 ) the future earnings of and dividend payments on shares are unknown and have to be forecast ; ( 2 ) there is no maturity date and hence no maturity value ; and ( 3 ) shares are the riskiest investments to hold , having the residual claim on the firm 's assets and the net income generated by these assets , so that the appropriate discount rate is very difficult to calculate . |
| 2 | On the ‘ real resource ’ view a public sector project uses up real resources now and hence the opportunity cost is incurred now in the form of reduced private sector consumption ; in the future , debt interest payments must be paid and the bonds redeemed if they are not perpetual ones . |
| 3 | More generally , it is also found that the base sequence and hence the backbone geometry of a DNA segment , strongly influences both the conformational impact of the transition , the associated energy barrier and the stability of the resulting B II state . |
| 4 | The dosage and sticking coefficient , and hence the coverage increment , is measured for each pulse . |
| 5 | Whether or not the government could have intervened in the economy by adopting a more active regional policy , in order to reduce regional disparities and hence the North-South divide , is considered in Chapter 10 . |
| 6 | An increase in Β is associated with a lower disutility from unemployment in the unionized sector , and hence the union executive is able to put more emphasis on its goal of higher wages since the costs of unemployment are now lower . |
| 7 | Banks can themselves expand the amount of bank deposits , and hence the money supply , by a process known as ‘ credit creation ’ . |
| 8 | As special deposits are compulsory , by using them the Bank can be sure of reducing the banks ' liquid assets , and they are equivalent to an open-market sale , in that they reduce the banks ' ability to increase credit ( and hence the money supply ) . |
| 9 | A second-order expansion of ( 13 ) around its mean gives Corresponding ‘ approximate ’ unconditional density of completed duration can thus be derived from ( 15 ) and hence the likelihood function for the problem , and the Lagrange Multiplier test of the null hypothesis . |
| 10 | The cost per annum , which will be borne by the purchaser of the completed property , may well exceed £500 — which may affect sale prices and hence the land value . |
| 11 | Beyond school , the traditional idea that craft and technician courses can turn out ‘ finished ’ workers is being undermined in many occupations by the rapid changes in work skills , and hence the foundation function of the 16–19 stage seems to be becoming more obvious . |
| 12 | Moreover , if they were , in themselves , to constitute measures relating to the conservation of fishery resources ( which , in the light of paragraph 11 of the judgment in Pesca Valentia Ltd. v. Minister for Fisheries and Forestry ( Case 223/86 ) [ 1988 ] E.C.R. 83 , 107 , is very doubtful in the case of requirements relating to the characteristics of the natural or legal persons who are the owners of the fishing vessels ) , they would fall ‘ fully and definitively ’ within the competence of the Community ( see the judgment in the Pesca Valentia case , at pp. 106–107 , para. 10 ) and hence the member states could adopt them on the basis of an express and clear delegation of powers . |
| 13 | In order to gain automatic control of the trouble spot , namely the association between the pronoun and the verb ending , a system drill consisting of several substitution drills needs to be set up , in which the pronoun is kept constant ( and hence the verb ending ) , and substitution is made at the verb stem position . |
| 14 | The axon transmits information by means of electrical impulses , and it is beeause these cause current to flow in the media around the cell that one can monitor the impulses , and hence the information flow , by means of a micro-electrode placed close to it . |
| 15 | As it grows , the assimilation per unit area of leaf is reduced by shading , but the absolute amount of light energy intercepted , and hence the growth rate , increases . |
| 16 | The more accurately one tried to determine the weights ( and hence the energy loss ) the more uncertain the timing of these instants would become . |
| 17 | In the case of private goods there are no significant external costs or benefits associated with their production and use and hence the market system can be efficient . |
| 18 | The finance approach is weak at assessing future cash flows , but says ‘ give me the cash estimates and I will tell you how that affects the shareholders ’ risk positions and hence the market value of the company' . |
| 19 | The ‘ shutter ’ signal indicates when the High Speed Shutter is on , and the cursor-type indicator above it shows the brightness of the scene being recorded and hence the lens aperture as set by the automatic exposure system . |
| 20 | Changes in the tropospheric circulation will affect planetary wave propagation and hence the temperature variability of the lower stratosphere . |
| 21 | But the fate of the American economy , and hence the world economy , was sealed by activism where activism could only do harm — in trade policy . |
| 22 | It is suggested that the permeability changes allow mucosal exposure of luminal toxins ( bile acids , pancreatic juices etc ) and this paves the way for a bacterial invasion of the mucosa and hence the neutrophil chemotaxis . |
| 23 | As one would expect , people who consider themselves ill are more likely to visit their doctor than the population in general and hence the consultation rates of Table 3.10 are higher than those of Table 3.9 . |