Example sentences of "by reference to [adj] [noun sg] " in BNC.
Next page| No | Sentence |
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| 1 | Perhaps I can confirm what he said by reference to one statistic . |
| 2 | In this case that individual shall not be chargeable to tax under s740 by reference to relevant income which is such that if he had received it he would not , by reason of his being so domiciled , have been chargeable to income tax in respect of it . |
| 3 | The relevant provision is s740(5) which reads thus : An individual who is domiciled outside the United Kingdom shall not , in respect of any benefit not received in the United Kingdom , be chargeable to tax under [ s740 ] by reference to relevant income which is such that if he had received it he would not , by reason of his being so domiciled , have been chargeable to income tax in respect of it ; and [ s65(6)– ( 9 ) ] shall apply for the purposes of [ s740(5) ] as they would apply for the purposes of [ s65(5) ] if the benefit were income arising from possessions outside the United Kingdom . |
| 4 | The first limb provides that if the recipient is domiciled outside the United Kingdom and the benefit is not received in the United Kingdom then the recipient shall not be chargeable to tax by reference to relevant income which is such that if he had received it he would not by reason of his being so domiciled have been chargeable to tax in respect of it . |
| 5 | Social psychoanalysis , by contrast , takes the view that contemporary character should not merely be explained by reference to contemporary culture and childrearing , but that in any society contemporary childrearing and culture are the consequences of historical changes and that the contemporary individual recapitulates the cultural past and therefore , by a sort of reverse neoteny , experiences in his childhood the traumas and stages of ego- and superego-development which occurred in the adult lives of his ancestors . |
| 6 | Dignan points to increasing state intervention and changing forms of law , and emphasises that these developments can no longer be understood by reference to traditional theory . |
| 7 | In some countries where religion is not acknowledged to be in any way a necessary part of life , and also to a lesser degree in some where it is , the very important regular holidays , i.e. the single days or short periods of relief from work , which are spaced throughout the year , and which are additional to the long summer vacations , are fixed by arbitrary law and not by reference to religious feast days . |
| 8 | Unless there is a contract governing the transaction , it is suggested that when the conveyance or transfer has been executed by all parties a completion date should be arranged so that the necessary searches can be made by reference to that date and the matter completed . |
| 9 | Once the documentation is complete , it is suggested that a " completion date " be agreed , so that the necessary searches can be made ( see Chapter 3 , p30 ) and monies requisitioned by reference to that date . |
| 10 | The movies were something very new and they soon developed a unique and distinctive position within the culture but that position can only be fully understood by reference to that context of nineteenth-century popular culture from which they emerged . |
| 11 | Hence the modern Oedipus complex is not wholly explicable by reference to the modern family ( and therefore not controvertible by reference to modern family arrangements which allegedly do not feature it ) , but rather to both the individual 's actual family circumstances , and to the inherited and culturally transmitted conditions of the species which produced it in the first place and which determined its particular expression . |
| 12 | On first inspection it might appear that the words used in indexes to represent concepts could be determined by reference to normal usage , but to be effective , even in an alphabetical index , such labels need more careful consideration . |
| 13 | For example , many price objections can be countered by reference to higher product quality , greater durability , high productivity and lower offsetting life-cycle costs , e.g. lower maintenance , fuel or manpower costs . |
| 14 | If the truth of this presupposition were doubted , it could be established by reference to actual practice : to the way in which courts identify what is to count as law , and to the general acceptance of or acquiescence in these identifications … |
| 15 | In particular , any intention to deceive , or recklessness or negligence , must be assessed by reference to general market standards and behaviour . |
| 16 | Some of those courts have seized upon the use of the word ‘ send ’ in Article 10(a) , as opposed to ‘ serve ’ ; although this distinction could be explained by reference to civil law ideas of formal service as opposed to informal delivery , these courts have concluded that Article 10(a) does not allow effective ‘ service ’ in Japan . |
| 17 | ‘ But whether , in the ordinary case to which section 5 of the Theft Act 1968 does not apply , goods are to be regarded as belonging to another is a question to which the criminal law offers no answer and which can only be answered by reference to civil law principles . |
| 18 | For instance , the finding on equivalent doses ( which is at odds with the views of the CSM ) is handled by reference to oral evidence , to published work , and to a transcript . |
| 19 | This they generously explain by reference to limited research which focused on unique historical periods , was limited to middle class life , and was directed at individual experiences . |
| 20 | Most philosophical systems of ethics , and most popular moralizing , are radically flawed because they recommend morality to us either as what it is in our own best ultimate interests to do , or alternatively try to promote it by appeal to our feelings , for example feelings of compassion , or ( like Hutcheson ) by reference to some kind of moral sentiment which just happens to be part of human nature . |
| 21 | A body of men and women ( a ) identifiable by reference to some register or record ; ( b ) recognised as having a special skill and learning in some field of activity in which the public needs protection against incompetence , the standards of skill and learning being prescribed by the profession itself ; ( c ) holding themselves out as being willing to serve the public ; ( d ) volun-tarily submitting themselves to standards of ethical conduct beyond those required of the ordinary citizen by law and ; ( e ) undertaking to accept personal responsibility to those whom they serve for their actions and to their profession for maintaining public confidence . |
| 22 | The certainty of a lease as to its continuance must be ascertainable either by the express limitation of the parties at the time the lease is made , or by reference to some collateral act which may , with equal certainty , measure the continuance of it , otherwise it is void . ’ |
| 23 | A provision for the partners to draw in advance of final ascertainment of their profit sharethe limits of which might conveniently be defined by reference to some proportion of the previous year 's profits ( Clause 10.03 ) making sufficient allowance for the possibility that that year 's profit levels may not be repeated let alone exceeded . |
| 24 | In particular , there is no limitation of the remedy by reference to some period of time during which defects will be remedied . |
| 25 | Newco 's solicitors should insist that any disclosures are made in precise terms , and specifically by reference to particular warranty statements , to ensure the full impact is understood . |
| 26 | S&P sets its variable Tessa rate by reference to seven-day Libid ( London inter-bank bid rate ) . |
| 27 | A person can not by reference to any contract terms or to a notice given to persons generally or to particular persons exclude or restrict his liability for death or personal injury resulting from negligence . |
| 28 | A person can not by reference to any contract terms or to a notice given to persons generally or to particular persons exclude or restrict his liability for death or personal injury resulting from negligence . |
| 29 | Section 6(1) of the UCTA states that ( under any contract for the sale or hire purchase of goods , not merely business contracts — see s 6(4) ) liability for breach of the obligations arising from the warranties as to title and quiet possession implied under SGA 1979 , s 12 ( in relation to sale of goods ) and s 8 of the Supply of Goods ( Implied Terms ) Act 1973 ( in relation to goods disposed of on hire purchase ) can not be excluded or restricted by reference to any contract term . |
| 30 | Where the UCTA controls exclusion clauses its approach is either to state that liability for the matter in question " can not be excluded or restricted by reference to any contract term " ( imposition of a total ban ) or to state that such liability can not be so excluded or restricted unless the relevant contract term " satisfies the test of reasonableness " . |