Example sentences of "by [pron] is [vb pp] " in BNC.
Next page| No | Sentence |
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| 1 | In his critique of rationalism in politics Michael Oakeshott drew a distinction between two forms of human knowledge : ‘ technique ’ , that is , skills which can be taught or acquired from manuals ; and ‘ practical ’ , by which is meant things like judgement or artistry . |
| 2 | The first is traditionalism , by which is meant that Conservatives have an attachment to established customs and institutions , and , as a corollary , a hostility to ‘ sudden , precipitate and revolutionary change ’ . |
| 3 | By which is meant that they have developed their ability to focus both senses and mind upon a thought process . |
| 4 | Used alone they exhibit a specific characteristic known as inverse solubility by which is meant that as temperature increases they drop out of solution contrary to expected behaviour . |
| 5 | Every product undergoes change with the passage of time and sooner or later becomes unsatisfactory , by which is meant in this context that it no longer conforms to its specification . |
| 6 | They argued that the basis of the national assessment system should be essentially formative , that is designed to contribute to learning and not simply summative , by which is meant the simple recording of acquired knowledge or skill . |
| 7 | The only valid context for physical sex is marriage , by which is meant a permanent relationship , publicly acknowledged and entered into with mutual promises . |
| 8 | Before grapes are allowed the full AOC status of Champagne , the vines from which they come , whether situated in a virgin vineyard or an old one just replanted , must attain their ‘ third leaf ’ , by which is meant that the plants , having produced foliage for the third time , will be three years old . |
| 9 | In this book the city is Tyneside and its environs by which is meant the areas of the four metropolitan districts of Newcastle , North Tyne side , Gates head and South Tyneside , together with over spill suburbs in South Northumberland and North Durham . |
| 10 | In the detailed examination of the spatial organization of Tyneside , use will be made of the idea of ‘ Northern Tyneside ’ , by which is meant the metropolitan districts of Newcastle and North Tyneside together with the adjacent county districts of Blyth Valley and Castle Morpeth . |
| 11 | On the one hand , ‘ family life ’ , by which is meant the life of the nuclear family , is much praised in government statements . |
| 12 | A ‘ big discharge ’ which is ‘ way outside the limits ’ ( by which is meant ‘ two to three times the limits ’ ) is described as ‘ serious ’ and presumably demands action , though no reference is made as to remedy . |
| 13 | With the exception of the discourse studies , they do not week to construct an image of the contemporary ideology of racism , by which is meant the socially shared pattern of ideas about race and nationality circulating in contemporary society . |
| 14 | There can be little doubt that liberalization ( by which is meant effective restriction of the colonial trade to a larger number of Spanish merchants than under the old system ) greatly increased the volume and the proportion of Spanish goods in the legal trade , and therefore acted as a direct stimulant to industrial and commercial revival . |
| 15 | Whilst this might be true , for some years now invertebrate neurophysiologists ( by which is meant those who study invertebrates , not a special group of researchers without backbones ! ) , who used to speak of their pet organisms as having simple nervous systems , have rephrased their claim , and refer instead to them as having ‘ simple ’ nervous systems , the inverted commas being deliberately added as a recognition that the complexity of these systems is still many orders of magnitude higher than in the genuinely simple wiring that one might expect of a mere computer . |
| 16 | However , some authors suggest that governmental elites , by which is meant the permanent officials within a government bureaucracy . |
| 17 | The second area is that of public relations , by which is meant that good public relations exercises , as opposed to advertising , on the part of both individual lawyers and the professional bodies themselves should be encouraged . |
| 18 | For that reality too may be reinterpreted philosophically as an illusion , a world of appearances , what Schopenhauer calls " the veil of maya " , interposed between ourselves and the ultimate reality — by which is meant the ground of being , the primordial oneness or unity of all individual things . |
| 19 | Except , that is , in solidarity circles — by which is meant those people active in supporting the various struggles of people from El Salvador to Chile against oppressive regimes . |
| 20 | The basic unit is a text , by which is meant any single document , or any stretch of natural language regarded as a self-contained unit for processing purposes . |
| 21 | On arêtes or mixed ground of uneven difficulty , a large roped crocodile is interminably slow , because the party 's overall pace is determined by whoever is engaged on the difficult bits . |
| 22 | No signed or documented work by her is known and what can be assembled as an oeuvre emerges from the few surviving miniatures between 1545 and 1575 . |
| 23 | If what is said is contradicted by what is seen — that is when the words do not ‘ match ’ the facial expression — then , to the astute observer , it is the words which will be disregarded , and what is seen will a believed . |
| 24 | Those who question or reject managerial prerogative can be accused of a selfish rejection of Japanese values in favour of alien Western individualism : ‘ an obligation of mutual attachment between firm and employee [ is ] Sanctioned by what is seen as tradition , morally correct and emblematic of Japanese culture ’ ( Clark 1979 p.175 ) . |
| 25 | A fresh start in a more adult environment being contrasted with , by what is seen by some , as the constraints of the school environment . |
| 26 | On the one hand , the researcher should try to take nothing for granted , but rather be surprised and intrigued by what is observed , as if trying to make sense of foreign culture . |
| 27 | The attitude of the learner to the patient can also be adversely affected by what is said . |
| 28 | Test the fruit : As time goes by , are people being helped by what is said ? |
| 29 | As part of society , elderly clients and their carers may be contributors to a racist or anti-racist society by what is said or done . |
| 30 | So far as the arguments about those who already hold racist views are concerned , there is a possibility that they will be stirred to action by what is said or written . |