Example sentences of "been use [verb] [adj] [noun pl] " in BNC.

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1 For some antigens , the binding of retrovirus-associated antibody fragments to cell surfaces is followed by membrane fusion between virus and target cell : streptavidin-linked biotinylated monoclonal antibodies have been used to link ecotropic retroviruses to the surface of nonpermissive human cells with subsequent transfer of the viral genome into the target cells 27 .
2 Many of these applications have been used to tackle environmental problems such as pollution control , especially in the treatment of sewage , industrial and agricultural effluents as well as rubbish disposal .
3 Contributing to the rouble 's decline is the Russian central bank 's predilection for printing money , a big pile of which has been used to finance other CIS republics ' trade deficits with Russia .
4 Ricin 's poisonous properties are known in parts of Africa where beans have been used to kill unwanted children and neighbour 's cattle .
5 Mouse ICM is much more susceptible to lethal damage by X-irradiation or anti-metabolites than TE and treatment of embryos ( starting from the 2- to 8- cell stage ) with a variety of these reagents has been used to generate trophectodermal vesicles devoid of any apparent ICM ( discussed in ref. 28 ) .
6 Both direct and indirect methods have been used to improve rural locations as sites for manufacturing industry .
7 It is free of chlorofluorocarbon gases which have been used to cool most fridges for decades .
8 The gases have been used to cool most types of fridges for decades but are now headed for a world-wide ban in 1996 after being blamed for causing holes in the ozone layer , which shields the earth from the sun 's harmful ultraviolet rays .
9 Marx 's works had already begun to penetrate Russia earlier , but until now they had been used to buttress populist attacks on capitalism , rather than to develop a Marxist approach to revolution in Russia .
10 Given the small size of the balances they must have been used to weigh small quantities of a precious substance , but gold need not be the only material involved .
11 It might finally be observed that in its short life , Article 100A , which derogates from Article 100 by allowing the Council to act by qualified majority in co-operation with the European Parliament in order to complete the internal market , has already been used to anticipate new competences expressly recognized in the Maastricht amendments : two of these relate to the encouragement of ‘ trans-European networks ’ and measures in the sphere of energy , yet Article 100A had already been used to enact Council Directive 90/547 on the transit of electricity through transmission grids and Council Directive 91/287 on the transit of natural gas through grids .
12 Their preferred description of it has been overinclusive thinking which has frequently been used to explain certain forms of thought disorder seen in psychotic patients , such as the tendency to cognitive ‘ slippage ’ , loosely associated ideation , and difficulty in maintaining a tight boundary for abstract concepts .
13 The model has also been used to explain some aspects of sentence production in normals , such as slips of the tongue and hesitations : for more on this , see Garrett ( 1982 ) .
14 By investigating the ways in which it has been used to explain particular phenomena , I shall aim to provide a more detailed account of absolute holism , as I shall call it , and of the mode of explanation it embodies .
15 Even when this was not the overt purpose , research results have been used to justify particular aspects of women 's subordination : thus even today it is sometimes said that girls do n't become engineers because they lack spatial ability , or that their relative lack of aggression makes them less effective leaders .
16 Like BR , RENFE has been used to serve macroeconomic objectives , affecting the achievement of its own immediate goals in a manner not amenable to simple quantification .
17 Feminists and other progressives have always been uncomfortable with the whole notion of morality , viewing it as an essentially conservative concept that has been used to bolster traditional modes of thinking and undermine efforts for change .
18 The anti-conspiratorial rhetoric might have been used to sharpen tactical differences and to make opponents look absurdly paranoid .
19 With a central lawn and borders around the edge , this garden would have lacked character , but internal hedges and a patio overhead had been used to create distinct areas that can be explored like the rooms of a house , each with a new mood and style .
20 The following phrases demonstrate how common notes from the previous example ( Cmaj7 to Fmaj7 ) have been used to create improvisational lines which flow melodically through the chord change :
21 Similar torcs were worn by the deities , like those represented on the Gundestrup cauldron ( fig. 30 ) , and it is possible that they may have been used to dress wooden idols .
22 One other key variable that has traditionally been used to delineate rural areas is the percentages employed in agriculture and forestry .
23 Methods have been used to overcome these problems to some degree .
24 At the time of writing , this section had not been used to exclude any children with learning difficulties or disabilities .
25 One psychological distinction which has often been used to contrast different tasks in driving is the degree to which tasks can be performed automatically .
26 If suitably processed in Iraq , that material could have been used to make nuclear warheads .
27 Some time previously , he had discovered a system of cryptography — he called it the ‘ Atbash Cipher ’ — which had been used to conceal certain names in Essene/Zadokite/Nazarean texts .
28 A second problem is the way ethnic credentialism has been used to canonize certain texts , or underwrite certain schools of thought as possessing the authentic or correct perspective on racism .
29 Classification techniques such as this have been used to produce thematic maps of land-cover types , of rock types in semi-arid and arid regions and of the extent of urban areas .
30 She also found that a lot of her time which could have been used to produce more goods was being taken up selling goods , collecting debts and generally doing administrative work .
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