Example sentences of "have be used [to-vb] [det] " in BNC.

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1 Several methods have been used to detect this response , including agglutination , complement fixation , and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) .
2 It is free of chlorofluorocarbon gases which have been used to cool most fridges for decades .
3 The gases have been used to cool most types of fridges for decades but are now headed for a world-wide ban in 1996 after being blamed for causing holes in the ozone layer , which shields the earth from the sun 's harmful ultraviolet rays .
4 Several spectroscopic techniques have been used to examine this effect for CO adsorption on single-crystal metal surfaces , but bond energy changes can only be inferred indirectly from these techniques .
5 A number of approaches have been used to achieve this definition .
6 Increasingly sophisticated techniques have been used to solve these problems .
7 Methods have been used to overcome these problems to some degree .
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