Example sentences of "which have [vb pp] a [noun] " in BNC.
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1 | Reference has been made to economic and monetary union , which have played a role in the discussions . |
2 | In a number of cases since the 1960s , which have involved a variety of circumstances ( demonstrations , deportations and publications ) , judges in the United Kingdom have refused to accept that ‘ national security ’ can mean anything other than what the government of the day says it means . |
3 | Therefore , very large firms which have secured a degree of market dominance will often prefer independence or , where they do retain formal employers ' association membership , may have ‘ nonconforming ’ status whereby they are not required to follow the terms of a national agreement and disputes procedure ( such as a number of firms in the Chemical Industries Association in Britain , including ICI and Glaxo ) . |
4 | This observation leads the team to suggest that quasar activity may have been triggered by galaxy-galaxy interactions which have stimulated a flow of material onto the nucleus of the larger galaxy , possibly the site of a black hole ( Astronomical Journal , vols 7 , p 1621 ) . |
5 | In higher grade cases , some Down 's people have undergone operations , either at their own or their parents ' instigation , to alter the physical characteristics which have become a stigma for them . |
6 | A person with a limited vocabulary can usually manage well in familiar surroundings but may experience difficulty , for instance when filling in many of the forms which have become a feature of our modern society such as an insurance form . |
7 | Who is constantly arguing for proper scientific evaluation of all the interventions which have become a matter of habit with many midwives and obstetricians , like artificial membrane rupture ? |
8 | It would not be compatible with the duty of the Secretaries of State to ‘ promote the education of the people of England and Wales ’ , or with their accountability to Parliament , to abdicate from leadership on educational issues which have become a matter of lively public concern . |
9 | One of his most interesting acquisitions was of 36 hectares of levels in the Cuckmere valley , on part of which he constructed ponds , some of which have become a reed bed . |
10 | But it is also helpful to see how such principles have been put into operation , and for this reason we look now at a discussion of two large urban sociolinguistic research projects , in Philadelphia and Belfast , which have utilized a range of different methods to attain different types of goal . |
11 | Mr Soros 's organisation is one of three , private , non-profit East-West agencies which have formed a partnership with the National Endowment for the Arts ( NEA ) to support arts collaboration between the United States and the former Soviet Union , the others being the Citizen Exchange Council and the Trust for Mutual Understanding . |
12 | This stands in contrast to most consumer specialised magazine titles which have seen a fall in sales . |
13 | The elements in modern society which have an elective affinity with ‘ psychologism ’ are industrialism and bureaucracy , which have created a gulf between , on the one hand , the world of work and public affairs , and on the other the private sphere of the family and sexual relationships . |
14 | If Chancellor Norman Lamont wants to ease their burden he should begin by penalising those uncaring banks which have caused a lot of this misery in the first place . |
15 | The rules relating to inadmissible reservations and objections thereto can confuse the relationship even between States which have ratified a treaty . |
16 | A COMPROMISE could be achieved between the owners of a Suffolk stately home and local residents over plans to divert a footpath which have aroused a storm of debate . |
17 | Generally speaking , organisms in warm , shallow seas that either build or are closely associated with reefs have been relatively vulnerable to extinction , as have planktonic foraminifera and ammonites , which have undergone a succession of ‘ boom and bust ’ cycles ( Vermeij , 1978 ; Haliam , 1981c ) . |
18 | A new bus service means people are just a short journey from Beresford Buildings , which have undergone a £1.1m refurbishment plan . |
19 | Again Hughes has clearly described the influences , movements and inputs which have questioned monolith models and which have drawn a distinction between the more and the less valuable insights of the practitioner . |
20 | Although their significance as regional political institutions has been undermined — in the case of water authorities by proposals for privatization and in the case of health authorities by a series of financial and managerial initiatives which have encouraged a shift towards private sector ( market-type ) decision-making ( Pollitt , Harrison , Hunter and Marnoch , 1988 ) — there has been a growth in regional state institutions in other policy areas . |
21 | In the following paragraphs we look in more detail at the reasons which have encouraged a number of large manufacturers to start making or make greater use of temporary workers , at the terms and conditions under which these temporary workers are engaged , especially the forms of contract which are used , and at the characteristics of the temporary workers themselves . |
22 | It is these concerns which have encouraged a move back towards biological or organic methods of pest control . |
23 | Firms which have experienced a fall in sales will have no idea whether the reduced demand for their product is temporary or permanent ; they will be reluctant to cut their prices until they know that it is permanent . |
24 | Some stress management techniques for controlling anxiety , which have acquired a degree of popularity , also show certain similarities ( e.g. Meichenbaum , 1977 ) . |
25 | Service points which have acquired a reputation for losing books — whether through their own or their public 's machinations — are to be avoided . |
26 | This would lead to a clearer understanding of the relationships between international organisations , such as the European Community , which have acquired a measure of control over national policy , and the nations themselves . |
27 | As the project progressed , it was also harder to find schools which fitted the original criteria for Minors , e.g. one library division had been fortunate in finding Majors , but began to find it difficult to identify , for Minor recommendation , " schools which have had a degree of interest and success for some years " . |
28 | companies which have filed a prospectus for the issue of equity share capital at the companies ' registry at any time during the 10 years prior to the relevant date . |
29 | Those who follow the favourites will tell you that the best bet is two-year-old handicaps , which have produced a profit of 14 to a 1 level stake over the last five seasons . |
30 | This may be also true of studies which have used a series of slides as the arousing stimuli rather than a single one . |