Example sentences of "by which [verb] [adj] [noun] " in BNC.

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1 The purpose of Scripture is to act as a ‘ yardstick ’ and ‘ tether ’ by which to assess any claim to contemporary revelation , and to regulate its interpretation .
2 A basic interest in questions about the meaning and purpose of life ( a ) to challenge secularist assumptions and to appreciate that religious truth-claims can not be easily dismissed ; ( b ) to understand what is distinctive about religion , that is , what it essentially concerns , and be able to distinguish between that and features of it which can vary and perhaps be dispensed with altogether ; ( c ) to realize in particular in how many different ways religion can masquerade as something else , and fail to be what it claims to be ; ( d ) to appreciate the highly controversial nature of religion and of almost everything that is said about it by anyone , whether religious or not ; ( e ) to have a firm grasp of criteria by which to evaluate precise examples and manifestations of religion in practice ; ( f ) to appreciate the force of the question-mark with regard to the ultimate divide between religion and non-religion , and to appreciate the reality of the dilemma , and the ways in which religion needs to be questioned for its failures , negative attitudes , hypocrisy and externalism .
3 The lawn climbs a slope several yards in front of the summerhouse , and in those days , as today , four flagstones embedded into the grass served as steps by which to negotiate this climb .
4 The pattern was one of weighted voting by which states received votes commensurate with their size .
5 The kind of history in which later knowledge is made the yardstick by which to judge earlier theories is now widely recognized as profoundly unhistorical .
6 This means that when Engels postulated a pre-class stage when there were no conflicting principles and everything was sweetness and light , he had no Marxist way by which to explain historical change .
7 Secondary double glazing , by which means additional window frames are fixed into fitments inside your existing windows , is not prohibitively expensive .
8 Women may have been seen as valuables by which means weaker groups would try to marry their girls ‘ upwards ’ in the creation of alliances , resulting in the occasional movement of ornamental metalwork some distance from the regions where they are most commonly found , the core area of a social grouping .
9 She also suggests that this mechanism was reversed in the 1970s , by which time more mothers were taking up employment between births , which would be likely to encourage longer gaps between babies .
10 Provence is as he painted it , we use his images as icons by which to recognise certain things , the cypresses above all , the olives , some configurations of rock and vegetation , the line of the Alpilles , the plain of the Crau , the light itself .
11 Unlike Weber , therefore , who argues that in advanced industrialised societies representative democracy is for a variety of reasons the best available method by which to recruit political leaders , Schumpeter has little interest in recommending political participation for any reason .
12 The evolution of British broadcasting has demonstrated an ingenious method by which to avoid direct competition for revenue between organizations .
13 In the structural consensus view , these processes are vital , for they are the means by which to achieve social integration and moral regulation in society .
14 Civil society provides , perhaps , the key means by which deeprooted emotional drives can be realised .
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