Example sentences of "these [noun pl] have been used " in BNC.

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1 These indices have been used to produce 113 maps for England and Wales at a scale of 1:63,360 and although the five grades shown on the maps provide a broad pattern of where the best ( grade 1 ) and worst ( grade 5 ) land is , the maps have , however , been roundly criticized .
2 All these methods have been used in nurse education in recent years and reflect the student-centred approaches being adopted by many nurse educators .
3 These tactics have been used by unions in Mexico , where cooptation through the state bureaucracy has taken place as the labour movement is integrated into the organisation of the governing party .
4 One must now question how many times these tactics have been used before or will be used in the future .
5 These funds have been used to finance the work of specialist quasi-public financial institutions in a range of activities from overseas projects to long-term loans for the purchase of specialist equipment .
6 Indeed so high was their reputation for self-denial in this respect that in the first years of the twentieth century the brothers Paul and Jules Cambon , French ambassadors in London and Berlin respectively , entrusted their private correspondence regularly to the British diplomatic bag rather than sending it through the French ministry of foreign affairs or the French post office : if either of these channels had been used it would almost certainly have been opened and read .
7 These considerations have been used to help explain the prevalence of multi-employer ( association ) bargaining in non-manufacturing industries in the USA such as trucking , construction and retailing which are characterised by a large number of small- and medium-sized firms operating within highly competitive and often localised markets — conditions which favour common settlements .
8 It is most unlikely that either of these areas has been used for arable in the last 1500 years , and this is confirmed to some extent by field names recorded on the earliest maps ( of the early nineteenth century ) and in medieval documents .
9 Mouse ICM is much more susceptible to lethal damage by X-irradiation or anti-metabolites than TE and treatment of embryos ( starting from the 2- to 8- cell stage ) with a variety of these reagents has been used to generate trophectodermal vesicles devoid of any apparent ICM ( discussed in ref. 28 ) .
10 These libraries had been used as a means to circumvent a restrictive loan policy applied in the main library , which clearly lacked support from the scientific or library staff within the departments .
11 Many of these applications have been used to tackle environmental problems such as pollution control , especially in the treatment of sewage , industrial and agricultural effluents as well as rubbish disposal .
12 This again correlates with the citation data for these universities , indicating that the research produced in these universities has been used in some measure by other workers , who have acknowledged that use by citations .
13 IMPACT Moling : These machines have been used for some years to lay services and pipes up to 125mm in diameter .
14 These powers have been used thereby effectively banning pyramid selling as it was previously practised .
15 Forces from these garrisons have been used on several occasions against recalcitrant East European governments , though with the one exception of the limited uprising in the GDR in 1953 , they have always been extensively reinforced from the Western Military Districts of the USSR .
16 Modernity for these writers has been used as an all-embracing concept that includes both the ideologies of the modern world — its ‘ modernisms ’ — and also the economic , social and cultural realities of modern life .
17 In more general ways these figures have been used to characterise the liquidity of different periods .
18 Furthermore , these figures have been used in penalizing Local Authorities for exceeding expenditure targets set by central Government and for rate-capping .
19 These arguments have been used to justify the continued operation of branch railway lines and low productivity coal pits , where the costs of closure to the local economy were deemed to be too high , even if the operations themselves were unviable .
20 These arguments have been used to buttress a wide range of government investments , such as Concorde , nuclear reactors , BL vehicles , microelectronics and computers .
21 By eluting self-peptides from HLA-B53 we identified a sequence motif for bound peptides and have synthesized 60 octamer , nonamer or decamer peptides bearing this motif from the four pre-erythrocytic-stage P. falciparum antigens that have been cloned and sequenced : each of these antigens has been used in or is currently awaiting human vaccine trials .
22 These tests have been used for individual student assessment and as instruments for the product evaluation of instructional programmes .
23 Using interference filters these instruments have been used successfully to measure fluorescence .
24 Since then these stents have been used in bile ducts for malignant obstructive jaundice and are placed either percutaneously or endoscopically .
25 ‘ It is quite possible these tools have been used by criminals .
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