Example sentences of "increase in real [noun sg] " in BNC.
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| 1 | The intention was to reduce it to that rate which would constrain aggregate demand to grow at a rate which could be met by increases in real output . |
| 2 | It is probably true to state that a country must achieve sustained increases in real GNP per capita to avoid social and political tension . |
| 3 | One could talk about many other areas of improvement : the huge 68 per cent increase in real spending ( over and above inflation ) by Government on community care services since 1979 ; the 29 per cent increase in real spending on the whole range of benefits for elderly people ; or , in a completely different field , the improvements in public transport which have , for example , seen the number of rail passengers increase by 14 per cent . |
| 4 | One could talk about many other areas of improvement : the huge 68 per cent increase in real spending ( over and above inflation ) by Government on community care services since 1979 ; the 29 per cent increase in real spending on the whole range of benefits for elderly people ; or , in a completely different field , the improvements in public transport which have , for example , seen the number of rail passengers increase by 14 per cent . |
| 5 | Foster et al show a long-run tendency for ‘ a 1 per cent increase in real income per head … to be associated with a 3 Per cent increase in local current expenditure per head ’ ( Foster et al . |
| 6 | Up to 1980 , the increase in real income for pensioners was mainly accounted for by increases in the basic pension and other social security payments . |
| 7 | Since 1980 , the position has been reversed , with the increase in real income of pensioners being accounted for by a substantial real increase in occupational pensions . |
| 8 | These technological and distribution changes ran parallel to an increase in real income available to the consumer . |
| 9 | Does my right hon. Friend agree that that huge increase in real income clearly demonstrates the overall success of Conservative policies and would not have come about without the tax cuts that all families have experienced ? |
| 10 | We can conclude that an increase in national income will only be equivalent to an increase in real output per capita if both prices and the population remain unchanged . |
| 11 | The improvement may only be apparent ( or pseudo ) if , in addition , the increase in real output per capita is accompanied by negative externalities or is caused by increased production of goods and services which are not for current consumption . |
| 12 | Adopting this condition , we can only interpret an increase in real output per capita as an actual improvement in economic welfare if no distributional changes occur which make any individuals or groups worse off . |
| 13 | An increase in real output per capita may not even increase potential economic welfare if it is accompanied by negative externalities , an increase in the number of hours worked or increased production of investment goods at the expense of consumer goods . |
| 14 | If these external costs offset the increase in real output per capita , then any overall improvement in economic welfare would only be apparent and not real . |
| 15 | It follows that , other things being equal , an increase in real labour costs will shift the unemployment-income curve upwards ; similarly , a decrease in real labour costs will shift it downwards . |
| 16 | the natural deduction from what I have said so far would be for Governments to end the necessity of monetising debt and make sure that they do n't put themselves in the position of monetising debt — at any rate in circumstances where there is not a substantial deficiency of demand for labour and where therefore the monetisation of debt would not be counterbalanced by an increase in real production . |
| 17 | While figures for the year showed an increase in real growth of 2.9 per cent , business investment was down 3 per cent , consumer spending down 0.1 per cent and the growth elements appeared only to be in home purchases and government spending . |