Example sentences of "by [art] courts " in BNC.

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1 If assistance was needed it should be provided by the courts themselves , by Citizens Advice Bureaux or by similar agencies .
2 ‘ Others , including myself , believe that non-punitive but truly compensatory damages awarded by the courts of the United Kingdom are preferable to the exorbitance of emotionally-driven jury awards , ’ he said .
3 Change in the law to stop sequestration of all a union 's assets by the courts .
4 The decisions of Margaret Thatcher 's ministers are struck down by the courts as often as were those of the Wilson or Callaghan administrations .
5 The decision was ‘ fully open ’ to the former home secretary , Mr Douglas Hurd , in the exercise of his judgment and was not open to review by the courts , said Lord Donaldson , Master of the Rolls , sitting with Lords Justice Ralph Gibson and McCowan .
6 A Midland Bank employee , stricken with RSI after using a word processor , was recently awarded £45,000 in compensation by the courts .
7 But it is a judgment to be made by him and not by the courts , whose right and duty to intervene arises only if the decision is untenable in the sense that irrelevant matters were taken account of , relevant matters were not taken account of , or that the decision was manifestly wrong .
8 An unchanged cabinet had been widely expected , but only as a temporary measure because of the uncertainty caused by the courts .
9 An unchanged cabinet had been widely expected , but only as a temporary measure because of the uncertainty caused by the courts .
10 US oil company , Pennzoil , has been ordered by the courts to produce documents before Christmas to prove it does not intend launching a takeover bid for its bigger rival , Chevron .
11 TWO judges yesterday dismissed the case brought by a racehorse owner and trainer in the High Court and upheld the Jockey Club 's argument that its decisions were not open to judicial review by the courts .
12 For these acts and for occasional bouts of stone-throwing , the UMWA has been fined more than $30 million by the courts .
13 Yet the government can not easily undo the damage wrought by the courts .
14 The snag is that a clause in the civil settlement allows Exxon to withdraw from the entire agreement if part of the plea bargain is rejected by the courts .
15 A narrow interpretation of the law , favoured by the courts , requires a breach of fiduciary trust .
16 Two men who helped George Blake , a Soviet spy , to escape from prison in 1966 could become the first British authors in recent history to have royalties seized by the courts .
17 They are rules which are not merely morally but legally binding : they are enforced by the courts .
18 Acts done in excess of such powers are legally void , and will if necessary be restrained by the courts .
19 If causing death is to be regarded as the most serious harm that can be inflicted , it would seem to follow that the most blameworthy form of homicide should result in the highest sentences imposed by the courts .
20 Should those decisions not be taken by the courts , in the same way as other sentencing decisions ?
21 Their protagonists argue that the law of murder is so important socially that derogation from the principle of maximum certainty should be allowed in favour of more accurate labelling by the courts ; opponents argue that the principle of maximum certainty is needed here specifically to reduce the risk of verdicts based on discriminatory or irrelevant factors , such as distaste for the defendant 's background , allegiance , or other activities .
22 How has the ‘ reasonable man ’ test been interpreted by the courts ?
23 This counter-argument has been given some recognition by the courts , in that the ‘ reasonable relationship rule ’ is no longer a rule of law .
24 Studies of rape in England and Wales suggest that two-thirds of rapes take place in the home of the victim or the offender , and that only one-third involve strangers ; that two-fifths of victims suffer physical violence as well as rape , and one-sixth suffer additional sexual indignities ; that recent years have seen an increase in the reporting of rapes between acquaintances , and that rapes are increasing a little in their intrinsic seriousness ( i.e. in terms of the violence used , other sexual acts , etc ) , but that the most significant rise has been in the average length of sentences imposed on rapists by the courts .
25 But how far have the changes in child care law embodied in the Children Act 1989 , with its focus on the paramountcy of the child 's welfare ( as a means to the child 's better protection ) , and the increasing emphasis which has been placed on parental responsibility rather than rights by the courts in recent years , been mirrored by changes in the balance of power between parent , child and state in education ?
26 The question of justifiability has been considered by the courts in a number of employment cases , where it has been construed most recently as meaning that the discriminatory effect of the requirement or condition must be weighed against its ‘ reasonable necessity ’ for the purposes of the business enterprise in question .
27 ( This re-states the authority to punish for out of school misbehaviour established by the courts . )
28 The right of assembling is nothing more than a result of the view taken by the courts as to individual liberty of person and individual liberty of speech .
29 The ‘ law of the constitution ’ was ‘ not the source but the consequence of the rights of individuals , as defined and enforced by the courts ’ .
30 They have also been attacked by the courts , with the result that it is difficult to see what practical effect such clauses might be thought to have .
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