Example sentences of "[to-vb] [adv] by [v-ing] [noun] " in BNC.

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1 In old age , deterioration of vision and hearing can lessen the ability to communicate effectively by causing distortion of sensory input .
2 Firstly , the woman or girl who has suffered a sexual assault is made to suffer again by having sensationalist accounts of their ordeal blazoned to the entire nation , defeating attempts to forget .
3 Product market signals can , however , be amplified by linking management remuneration to company performance , and thus while the market may be largely ineffective in so far as it offers threats , it can be made to function better by providing incentives .
4 In the 1950s Khrushchev 's attempt to do so by de-throning Stalin and mending fences with Tito torpedoed two client regimes , Bierut 's in Poland and Rákosi 's in Hungary , whose authority derived as much from venerating the first as from anathematising the second.is
5 The mudskipper manages to do so by holding water in its mouth which it swills over the lining of its mouth with a rolling action of its head to extract the oxygen .
6 Prussian law made it almost impossible for the Kaszubians who wanted to expand their holdings to do so by buying land from Germans .
7 We recognize this by our willingness to go on courses , keep up with professional reading , and sometimes update our qualifications ; education authorities recognize this when they encourage us to do so by paying expenses , granting leave of absence , and sometimes secondment on full pay .
8 Many individuals stand to do better by leaving SERPS and entering a private pension arrangement into which part of their National Insurance contributions and those of the employer are invested .
9 Hardly anyone can have learned both to read and to write and probably few learned even to read just by attending Sunday classes .
10 ‘ the team manager ’ has high concern for both production and people and works to integrate both by helping individuals to meet their own needs through the organisation .
11 Although they were still deprived by injury of their regular central defenders Ratcliffe and Watson , they managed to defend efficiently by using Snodin as a spare centre-back behind Keown and McDonald .
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