Example sentences of "[noun pl] have been [verb] as a " in BNC.

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1 Many possible measures might be used ( Brown and Yule , 1983 ) , but following Garvey 's lead with younger children ( Garvey , 1979 ) , the distribution and pattern of clarification requests has been used as a starting point .
2 The need for developing countries to generate export surpluses to service their debts has been identified as a major cause of environmentally destructive policies such as exploitation of the rainforests .
3 The reliability and clinical applications of computerised image analysis measurement of bowel uptake of Tc-99m HMPAO labelled leucocytes has been examined as a measure of disease activity in Crohn 's disease .
4 The use of the microcomputer for information retrieval and information use in schools has been neglected as a review of books on microcomputers in schools will show .
5 Global co-operation between oil exporters and importers has been suggested as a means of averting a re-occurrence of the oil market cycle of the 1970s .
6 In the USA , NAEP 's use of conventional school subjects has been seen as a conservative influence , and the reduction to the 3Rs makes the backwash effect even more acute .
7 The Dean crowd and their successors had been smoking as a regular habit ten years earlier but only now , at the height of the Vietnam crisis , when the futility of the war was beginning to dawn with the return of disillusioned young soldiers prepared at last to tell the truth , were drugs beginning to appear on the American campus scene and in London streets in any volume .
8 These pictures had been reprinted as a book , A Time that Was .
9 In fact , measurement of pepsinogen concentrations had been proposed as a method for screening of gastritis .
10 Although the numbers of single sex schools have declined dramatically during the past three decades , girls-only schools have been supported as a desirable alternative to coeducation in some LEAs .
11 For 200 years City offices have been regarded as a near certain store of value .
12 Is the Minister aware that a number of people in the west midlands and elsewhere who took the opportunity of buying their accommodation now find that their homes have been repossessed as a direct result of Government economic policy ?
13 Through the ages these western seaways have been used as a highway by settlers and saints , pilgrims and pirates and traders and travellers .
14 A reduction in suitable nest sites has been suggested as a possible cause , and a breeding survey of cliff-nesting Herring Gulls and Rock Pipits conducted in 1965 tends to confirm this idea .
15 The trial of his killers has been regarded as a test of the political will of the authorities to put an end to the climate of impunity prevalent in the rural areas of Brazil , where scores of peasants and their leaders have been killed by hired gunmen .
16 The case arose out of a fatal road accident in Illinois , the plaintiff 's parents having been killed as a result of a head-on collision between their Volkswagen Rabbit and another vehicle .
17 If I shifted my weight on to the shoulder these mugs had been using as a football , the pain took away my thoughts from the throbbing ache in my head .
18 Falati had been employed as a housekeeper at the Mandela 's old home in Soweto , the house which featured in the trial as the place to which the youths were taken .
19 The two trails have been designed as a flexible resource to provide ideal project material for environmental science , geography and history studies .
20 The Ministry of Defence says all Wessex helicopters have been suspended as a precaution , until the cause of the crash is established .
21 Opera singers have been studied as a rule either by musicologists interested in particular composers or by biographers interested in anecdotes .
22 Although the presence of worms in the small intestine is not associated with any specific lesions , occasionally , heavy infections have been reported as a cause of impaction and perforation leading peritonitis .
23 In civil cases the rights of appeal are not ungenerous , though the overall system of civil appeals has been described as a ‘ hotchpotch ’ needing rationalization ( Woolf , 1988 ) .
24 And it will mark society 's rejection of the morally indefensible promotion of addiction to what for at least 30 years has been recognised as a most dangerous drug .
25 He exhibits protecting and guarding qualities and for many years has been used as a Schutzhund sport dog .
26 A man hailed as a hero for fifty years has been unmasked as a traitor .
27 The inclusion in the new paintings galleries of eight rooms without skylights exclusively for drawings and pastels has been hailed as a major innovation .
28 The impact of increased competition between building societies and banks has been blamed as a major determinant of the observed change in relationships among the various monetary aggregates , and between them and nominal incomes .
29 These libraries had been used as a means to circumvent a restrictive loan policy applied in the main library , which clearly lacked support from the scientific or library staff within the departments .
30 The grounds on which the father relied were , inter alia , that ( 1 ) the justices heard evidence from which they could properly conclude that his costs had been incurred as a result of the actions and omissions of the local authority ; ( 2 ) as there was no machinery for taxation of costs the justices were correct to assess the amount of the costs ; ( 3 ) the father was entitled to his costs incurred in the Family Proceedings court to the extent allowable under the Legal Aid in Family Proceedings ( Remuneration ) Regulations 1991 and the justices were correct to hold that the actions of the local authority justified making the costs order which included the costs of the hearing on 27 and 28 January 1992 .
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