Example sentences of "[noun] [noun pl] [conj] by [art] [noun sg] " in BNC.

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1 We see an awful lot of people have got a tremendous investment in traditional character cell terminals and by a character cell terminal I mean a dumb terminal of twenty four lines of eighty characters .
2 It has been predicted by motor industry scientists that by the year 2000 only half of cars will still use petrol , with methanol the next largest power source followed by diesel , liquefied petroleum gas and alcohol produced by biomass .
3 Rather than being closely correlated with any absolute level of poverty , unrest has generally been sparked by a decline in living standards or by the disappointment of rising expectations .
4 These problems have been compounded in the 1980s by the government 's encouragement of the sale of council houses and by the rise in house prices in the owner-occupied sector , so that the acceleration in the urban-rural shift in the mid 1980s is not likely to have been caused by the lower paid .
5 It was sustained by the isolation of the rural village , by the strong kinship links between the village inhabitants and by the need for cooperation in times of family crisis .
6 These latter values lie close to -70° as shown in table 2 rather than around -100° as found in oligomer crystals and by the modelling we have carried out .
7 The regulation of these issues has been the subject of activity by the European Community institutions and by the Council of Europe .
8 O. glacialis can be distinguished from O. purpureus by the absence of tentacle scales ; the shape and position of the second oral tentacle scales and by a lack of dorsal arm plates .
9 The nature of operations is illustrated by the closure of Howard Doris with 650 job losses and by the experience of Charlton Leslie offshore which , in June 1987 , had only 11 employees , down from a previous total of 700 , but on receipt of a new order expanded to some 300 in partnership with McNulty Offshore .
10 One of the earliest military initiatives of the new state — the raising of an expeditionary force to suppress the Irish rebellion — was partly motivated both by security considerations and by the prospect of financial gain , but was also widely seen as a religious crusade ; this fact was clearly demonstrated in the autumn of 1649 , when Cromwell 's soldiers attacked the Catholic inhabitants of Drogheda and Wexford with a savagery which only religious conflict can engender .
11 Thames TV chief executive Richard Dunn said on Sunday : ‘ The new channel will get a fast and economic start by using one of Thames ’ Astra transponders and by the use of some of Thames ' broadcasting assets . ’
12 Some bureaux have been invited in by the probation or education departments or by the prison governor .
13 Such a high level of identification with one 's company is reinforced outside normal working hours in the provision of collective leisure facilities for employees and their families ; by company-based health , education and welfare schemes or by the provision of company housing or housing subsidies .
14 It also led to some staff cuts and by the spring of 1989 the leaders of the fusion programmes were anticipating that after five years of no increases to match inflation , Congress would make a twenty million dollar cut in the fusion budget .
15 A campaign by environmental groups to shield the fragile Mojave and Sonoran deserts from the impact of mining , ranching , military and off-road use has long been opposed by the Reagan and Bush administrations and by the lobbying interests of the people who work and play in the desert .
16 Some efforts at literacy work have been made by church groups and by the government , but they only deal with a tiny fraction of the problem .
17 SP/32 anticipates adding AIX and HP clients and by the middle of next year will come up with a Unix server model for Sun , IBM , HP , Ultrix and perhaps Alpha OSF/1 .
18 This inertia in accepting the need for change was , however , amply compensated for by an extremely effective programme of design , the setting up of new manufacturing facilities and by the retraining of assembly workers to handle the new electronic technology .
19 Economic growth in Eastern Europe has been slowed by Soviet refusals to increase oil exports and by the lack of hard currency to buy oil on the world market .
20 Existing lighting was supplied by the hazardous open flame of candles , oil lamps or by a steel mill , a method of producing sparks of light by holding a flint against a spinning steel wheel .
21 People were more preoccupied with rumours about an imminent sharp reduction in food rations than by the speech of the Führer , noted the SD .
22 Whilst the experiment was limited to trainee engineers and by the type of microcomputer used , the results of this investigation indicated that : 1 ) the mode of man-machine interaction which was most popular and has the fewest dissenters , was one in which the user directed the course of action , as in the modular program ; 2 ) a fast design time was most likely to be achieved by the use of an optimization technique ; 3 ) an optimum design was most likely to be achieved by a preprogrammed optimization technique , but only where the problem , design parameters and constraints were understood ; 4 ) the technique thought most likely to allow some gaining of insight was one in which the user has control of the program , as in the modular program .
23 His influence in those areas was complemented by the queen 's possession of the duchy of Lancaster estates in the east midlands and by the marriage of his nephew Richard duke of York to the Mowbray heiress , which gave Rivers a substantial role in the duchy of Norfolk .
24 His influence in those areas was complemented by the queen 's possession of the duchy of Lancaster estates in the east midlands and by the marriage of his nephew Richard duke of York to the Mowbray heiress , which gave Rivers a substantial role in the duchy of Norfolk .
25 Because the glial growth factors and specific activators of the p185 erbB2 receptor are encoded by the same gene , we suggest that the formation of tumours derived from Schwann cells , and perhaps from other glial sources , is regulated by the supply of glial growth factors and by the activity of the p185 erbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase .
26 Equally , the new ideas and advice offered by the Marie Stopes clinics and by the Family Planning Association , which was established in 1930 and had sixty-six clinics by 1939 , would have been very limited .
27 Both these latter points , though Macdonald does not connect them , appear to lend some force to the arguments of Edinburgh employers that by the end of the century , they were not so much drawing extra work to Edinburgh as desperately trying to stem an inexorable decline of the Edinburgh trade , occasioned both by its geographical distance from London ( incurring freight costs and inconvenience , which would have affected bookbinding equally ) and by its comparatively high rents and cost of living ( as compared to country towns like Frome ) .
28 Werewolf proceeded to try and blow all four stereo speakers and by the time he had the volume where he wanted it , and was playing along on his air guitar , we were through Sidcup and heading for the motorway .
29 Subjects are closely defined , both by classification numbers and by the system of feature headings used , through which the subject is pinpointed by increasingly specific descriptors .
30 The indifference of the electorate was blamed partly on the apathy produced by this being the fourth election in 18 months , by the confusing number of different party slates and by the lack of concrete proposal and programmes from the candidates .
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