| No | Pattern | Freq | Relations |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | [prep] [v-ing] [n mass] [vb infin] | 54 |
|
| 2 | by [v-ing] [noun] [vb infin] | 40 |
|
| 3 | by [v-ing] [n mass] [verb] | 27 |
|
| 4 | by [verb] [n mass] [vb infin] | 7 |
|
