| No | Pattern | Freq | Relations |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | by [v-ing] [pron] [adv] | 287 |
|
| 2 | by [v-ing] [pron] [to-vb] | 241 |
|
| 3 | [v-ing] [pron] [adv] [to-vb] | 152 |
|
| 4 | by [v-ing] [adv] [to-vb] | 28 |
|
| 5 | by [pron] [adv] [to-vb] | 6 |
|
