| No | Pattern | Freq | Relations |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | by [v-ing] [art] [noun pl] [verb] | 104 |
|
| 2 | [prep] [v-ing] [art] [noun pl] [vb infin] | 38 |
|
| 3 | by [v-ing] [art] [noun] [vb infin] | 21 |
|
| 4 | by [verb] [art] [noun pl] [vb infin] | 5 |
|
