| No | Pattern | Freq | Relations |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | by [verb] [prep] [art] | 2322 |
|
| 2 | by [v-ing] [prep] [art] | 2308 |
|
| 3 | [prep] referring [prep] [art] | 112 |
|
| 4 | [prep] referring [prep] [art] | 112 |
|
| 5 | by refer [prep] [art] | 57 |
|
| 6 | by referring [prep] [art] | 57 |
|
